Sociocultural factors predicting subjective experience of emotion: a collective level analysis

  1. Valencia Garate, José Francisco
  2. Diener, Ed
  3. González Castro, José Luis
  4. Rimé, Bernard
  5. Páez Rovira, Darío
  6. Pennebaker, James W.
  7. Basabe Barañano, Nekane
Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Ano de publicación: 2000

Volume: 12

Número: 1

Páxinas: 55-69

Tipo: Artigo

Outras publicacións en: Psicothema

Resumo

Factores socioculturales que predicen la experiencia subjetiva emocional: un analisis colectivo.Se ha realizado una síntesis de seis estudios en los que se relaciona autoinformes emocionales (balanza de afectos o placer-displacer, e intensidad emocional) con las características socio - económicas, ecológicas y culturales de naciones (dimensiones de Hofstede: Individualismo - Colectivismo, Masculinidad - Feminidad, Evitación Incertidumbre y Distancia de Poder). El meta-análisis muestra que la distancia de poder y la evitación de la incertidumbre tienen un efecto significativo y homogéneo y un tamaño de efecto medio con la experiencia emocional displacentera. El Individualismo muestra una asociación positiva no homogénea con las emociones placenteras. Los análisis multivariados señalan que la distancia de poder se relaciona con la menor deseabilidad social e intensidad de las emociones positivas y negativas. Los resultados apoyan la asunción de que las culturas con alta distancia de poder desenfatizan la experiencia emocional por medios normativos. La evitación de la incertidumbre tiene una asociación positiva con la intensidad emocional. La asunción de Hume que plantea que los efectos del clima sobre la experiencia emocional desaparecen cuando se controlan los efectos de los factores sociales y culturales es apoyada por los resultados

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Andrews, F.M. & Robinson, J.P. (1991). Measures of Subjective Well- Being. In J.P.Robinson, P.R. Shaver & L.S. Wrightsman (Eds.). Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes. San Diego, CA: Academic Press Inc.
  • Arrindell, W.A.; Hatzichristou, Ch.; Wensink, J.; Rosenberg, E.; van Twillert, B.; Stedema, J.; & Meijer, D. (1997). Dimensions of national culture as predictors of cross-national differences in subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 37-53.
  • Aune, K.S. & Aune, R.K. (1996). Cultural differences in the self-reported experience and expression of emotion in relationships. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27, 67-81.
  • Bellah R.N.; Madsen R.; Sullivan W.M.; Swidler, A. & Tipton, S.M. (1985). Habits of the Heart. New York: Harper and Row.
  • Bierbrauer, G.; Meyer, H. & Wolfradt, U. (1994). Measurement of Normative and Evaluative Aspects in Individualistic and Collectivistic Orientations: The Cultural Orientation Scale (COS). In Kim, U.; Triandis, H.C.; Kagitcibasi, C.; Choi, S. & Yoon, G. Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Methods and Applications. Thousands Oaks, Ca.: Sage.
  • Bond, M.H. (1991). Chinese values and health: a cultural-level examination. Health Psychology, 5, 137-152.
  • Bond, M.H. & Smith, P.B. (1996). Cross-cultural social and organizational psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 205-235.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1980). Le Nord et le Midi: Contribution à une analyse de l’effet Montesquieu. (North and South: a contribution to the analysis of the «Montesquieu Effect»). Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, 35, 21-25.
  • Burke, P. (1993). The Art of Conversation. London: Polity Press.
  • Church, A.T. & Lonner, W.J. (1998). The cross-cultural perspective in the of personality. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29, 32-62.
  • Cordelier, S. & Didiot, B. (1994). The World: Annual World Review of Economy and Geopolitics. Paris, France: La Decouverte.
  • Cordelier, S. & Didiot, B. (1997). The World: Annual World Review of Economy and Geopolitics. Paris, France: La Decouverte.
  • DeNeve, K.M. & Cooper, H. (1998). The Happy Personality: A metaanalysis o 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124 (2), 197-229.
  • Diener, E.; Diener, M., & Diener, C. (1995). Factors predicting the subjective well-being of nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 851-864.
  • Diener, E. & Larsen, R.J. (1993). The experience of emotional well-being. In Lewis, M. & Haviland, J. (Eds.) Handbook of Emotions. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Fernandez, J.W. (1987). Fieldwork in Southwestern Europe. Critique of Anthropology, 7, 83-99.
  • Fernandez, D.R.; Carlson, D.S.; Stepina, L.P. & Nicholson, J.D. (1997). Hofstede’s country classification 25 Years later. The Journal of Social Psychology, 137, 43-54,
  • Fiske, A.P.; Markus, H.R.; Kitayama, S. & Nisbett, R.E. (1998) The Cultural Matrix of Social Psychology. Gilber, D.; Fiske, S. & Lindzey, G. (Eds.) Handbook of Social Psychology, 4th edition. Boston,Ma: McGraw Hill.
  • Gilmore, D. (1990). On Meditarraneanist studies. Current Anthropology, 31, 395-396.
  • Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and Organizations. Software of the mind. London: McGraw-Hill.
  • Hofstede, G. (1994). Foreword. In Kim, U.; Triandis, H.C.; Kagitcibasi, C.; Choi, S. & Yoon, G. Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Methods and Applications. Thousands Oaks, Ca.: Sage.
  • Inglehart, R. (1991). Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Inglehart, R. (1998). Modernización y posmodernización. El cambio cultural, económico y político en 43 sociedades. Madrid: CIS (nº161).
  • Inkeless, A. & Levinson, D.J. (1969). National Character: the study of modal personality and sociocultural systems. In Lindzey, G. & Aronson, E. (Eds.) The Handbook of Social Psychology. Second Edition. Volume Four. Menlo Park, Ca.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
  • Jahoda, G. (1977). Cross-Cultural Perspectives. In Tajfel, H. & Fraser, C.(Eds.) Introducing Social Psychology. Hardmonstworth, England: Penguin Books.
  • Jahoda, G. (1992). Crossroads between Culture and Mind. New York: Harvester/Wheatsheaf.
  • Kagitcibasi, C. (1994). A critical Appraisal of Individualism and Collectivism: Toward a New Formulation. In Kim, U.; Triandis, H.C.; Kagitcibasi, C.; Choi, S. & Yoon, G. Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Methods and Applications. Thousands Oaks, Ca.: Sage.
  • Llobera, J.R. (1987), The Anthropology of Southwestern Europe: the way forward. Critique of Anthropology, 7, 101-108.
  • Lynn, R. & Martin, T. (1995). National differences for thirty-seven nations in extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism and economic, demographic and other correlates. Personality and Individual Differences, 19, 403- 406.
  • Macintosh, R. (1998). A confirmatory factor analysis of the affect balance scale in 38 nations: a research note. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61, 1, 83-91.
  • Markus, H.R. & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224- 253.
  • Markus, H.R., Kitayama, S., & Heimain, R,J. (1996). Culture and Basic Psychological Principles. In Higgins, E.T. & Kruglanski, A.W. (Eds.) Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Matsumoto, D. (1989). Cultural influences on the perception of emotion. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 20,92-105.
  • Matsumoto, D. (1991). Cultural influences on facial expression of emotion. Southern Communication Journal, 56, 128-137.
  • Miller-Loesi, K. (1995). Comparative Social Psychology: Cross-Cultural and Cross-National. In Cook, K.S.; Fine, G.A. & House, J.S. (Eds.) Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Moghaddam, F.M., Taylor, D.M. & Wrigth, S.C.(1993). Social Psychology in cross-cultural perspective. New York: W.H.Freeman and Company.
  • Ozer, D.J. & Reise, S.P. (1994). Personality Assessment. Annual Review of Psychology,45, 357-388.
  • Paez, D., & Vergara, A. (1995). Culture differences in emotional knowled- ge. In Russel, J.A.; Fernández-Dols, J.M.; Manstead, A.S.R. & Wellenkamp, J.C. (Eds.) Everday conceptions of emotion. Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer Academic Press.
  • Peabody, D. (1985). Caratteristiche Psicologiche Nazionali. Napoli: Idelson.
  • Pennebaker, J.W., Rimé, B. & Blankenship, V.E. (1996). Stereotypes of Emotional Expressivennes of Northerners and Southerners: A Cross-Cultural Test of Montesquieu’s Hypotheses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 372-380.
  • Pina-Cabral,J. de. (1989). The Mediterranea as a category of regional comparison: a critical view. Current Anthropology, 31, 399-406.
  • Rosenthal.R. (1991). Meta-analytic procedures for social research. Newbury Park,CA: Sage.
  • Schlegel, A. (1994). Cross-cultural comparisons in psychological anthropology. In Bock, P.K. (Ed.). Psychological Anthropology. Westport, Conneticut: Praeger.
  • Scherer, K.; Matsumoto, D.; Wallbott, H. & Kudoh, T. (1988). Emotional experience in cultural context: A comparison between Europe, Japan and the USA. In Scherer, K. (Ed.) Facet of emotion: Recent research. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Scherer, K. & Wallbott, H.G. (1994). Evidence for Universality and Cultural Variation of Differential Emotion Response Patterning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 310-328.
  • Scherer, K. (1997). The Role of Culture in Emotion-Antecedent Appraisal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 902-922.
  • Schooler, C. (1996). Cultural and Social structural explanations of crosscultural psychological differences. Annual Review of Sociology, 22, 323-49.
  • Schwartz, S.H. (1995). Beyond Individualism and Collectivism: New Cultural Dimensions of Values.In Kim, U.; Triandis, H.C.; Kagitcibasi, C.; Choi, S. & Yoon, G. Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Methods and Applications. Thousands Oaks, Ca.: Sage.
  • Seligman, M.E.P. (1988). Boomer blues. Psychology Today, October, 50-55.
  • Stephan, W.G., White, C. & Cabezas, M. (1996). Emotional expression in Costa Rica and the United States. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27, 147-160.
  • Stevens, J. (1992). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Second Edition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Suh, E.; Diener, E.; Oishi, S. & Triandis, H. (1998). The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgements across cultures: emotions versus norms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 482-493.
  • vans de Vijver, F. & Leung, K. (1997). Methods and data analysis for cross-cultural research. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Wilson, R. (1995). Maya Resurgence in Guatemala. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Smith, P.B., & Bond, M.H. (1993). Social Psychology across cultures. New York: Harvester.
  • Triandis, H.C. (1995). Individualism and Collectivism. Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Wallbott, H.G. & Scherer, K. (1995). Cultural determinants of shame and guilt experiences. In Tangney, J.P. & Fischer, K.W. (Eds.) Self-Conscious Emotions: shame, guilt, embarrasment and pride. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Yamagishi, T. & Yamigishi, M. (1994). Trust and committment in the United States and Japan. Motivation and Emotion, 18, 129-166.