Analysis of the radicalization of the 17-A terrorist cellan empirical approach using the 3N model

Referencias bibliográficas

• Atran, S., & Axelrod, R. (2008). Reframing sacred values. Negotiation Journal, 24(3), 221–246. doi:10.1111/j.1571-9979.2008.00182.x
• Audiencia Nacional. (2018). Auto de procesamiento: Sumario No 5/2018. Administración de Justicia. https://e00-elmundo.uecdn.es/documentos/2018/10/09/auto_atentados.pdf
• Bélanger, J. J., Caouette, J., Sharvit, K., & Dugas, M. (2014). The psychology of martyrdom: Making the ultimate sacrifice in the name of a cause. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107(3), 494–515. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036855
• Bélanger, J. J., Moyano, M., Muhammad, H., Richardson, L., Lafrenière, M.-A. K., McCaffery, P., Framand, K., & Nociti, N. (2019). Radicalization leading to violence: A test of the 3N model. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 42. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00042
• Bélanger, J. J., Nociti, N., Chamberland, P., Paquette, V., Gagnon, D., Mahmoud, A., Carla, L., Lopes, M., & Eising, C (2015). Building a resilient community within a multicultural Canada: Information toolkit on violent extremism. Université du Québec à Montréal. Retrieved from http://trev.uqam.ca/itve/
• Bélanger, J. J., Robbins, B. G., Muhammad, H., Moyano, M., Nisa, C. F., Schumpe, B. M., & Blaya-Burgo, M. (2020). Supporting political violence: The role of ideological passion and social network. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 23(8), 1187–1203. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430220933954
• Campbell, A. (2005). “Taqiyya”: How Islamic extremists deceive the West. National Observer, 65, 11–23. https://search.informit.org/doi/pdf/10.3316/ielapa.959882607303811
• Clemmow, C., Schumann, S., Salman, N. L., & Gill, P. (2020). The base rate study: Developing base rates for risk factors and indicators for engagement in violent extremism. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 65(3), 865–881. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14282
• Dalgaard-Nielsen, A. (2010). Violent radicalization in Europe: What we know and what we do not know. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 33(9), 797–814. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2010.501423
• Dugas, M., Bélanger, J. J., Moyano, M., Schumpe, B. M., Kruglanski, A. W., Gelfand, M. J., Touchton-Leonard, K., & Nociti, N. (2016). The quest for significance motivates self-sacrifice. Motivation Science, 2(1), 15–32. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000030
• Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
• Ganor, B. (2002). Defining terrorism: Is one man’s terrorist another man’s freedom fighter?. Police Practice and Research, 3(4), 287–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/1561426022000032060
• Gómez, Á., & Vázquez, A. (2015). The power of ‘feeling one’ with a group: Identity fusion and extreme pro-group behaviours/El poder de ‘sentirse uno’ con un grupo: Fusión de la identidad y conductas progrupales extremas. Revista de Psicología Social, 30(3), 481–511. https://doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2015.1065089
• González, I., Moyano, M., Lobato, R. M., & Trujillo, H. M. (2022). Evidence of psychological manipulation in the process of violent radicalization: An investigation of the 17-A cell. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 789051. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.789051
• Hamid, N., & Ariza, C (2022). Offline versus online radicalisation: Which is the bigger threat? Global Network on Extremism & Technology. https://gnet-research.org/2022/02/21/offline-versus-online-radicalisation-which-is-the-bigger-threat/
• Horgan, J. (2008). From profiles to pathways and roots to routes: Perspectives from psychology on radicalization into terrorism. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 618(1), 80–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716208317539
• Horgan, J. (2009). Walking away from terrorism: Accounts of disengagement from radical and extremist movements. Routledge.
• Igualada, C. (2021). International links and the role of the Islamic State in the Barcelona and Cambrils attacks in 2017. Perspectives on Terrorism, 15(4), 65–75. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27044236
• Irujo, J. M (2017, November 2). El imán aleccionó a los terroristas en la corriente más clandestina del salafismo. El País.
• Janis, I. (1991). Groupthink. In E. Griffin (Ed.), A First Look at Communication Theory (pp. 235–246). McGrawHill.
• Jasko, K., Webber, D., Kruglanski, A. W., Gelfand, M., Taufiqurrohman, M., Hettiarachchi, M., & Gunaratna, R. (2020). Social context moderates the effects of quest for significance on violent extremism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 118(6), 1165–1187. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000198
• Khalil, J., Horgan, J., & Zeuthen, M. (2022). The Attitudes-Behaviors Corrective (ABC) model of violent extremism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 34(3), 425–450. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2019.1699793
• King, M., & Taylor, D. M. (2011). The radicalization of homegrown jihadists: A review of theoretical models and social psychological evidence. Terrorism and Political Violence, 23(4), 602–622. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2011.587064
• Kruglanski, A., Jasko, K., Webber, D., Chernikova, M., & Molinario, E. (2018). The making of violent extremists. Review of General Psychology, 22(1), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000144
• Kruglanski, A. W., Bélanger, J. J., Gelfand, M., Gunaratna, R., Hettiarachchi, M., Reinares, F., Orehek, E., Sasota, J., & Sharvit, K. (2013). Terrorism-A (self) love story: Redirecting the significance quest can end violence. The American Psychologist, 68(7), 559–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032615
• Kruglanski, A. W., Bélanger, J. J., & Gunaratna, R. (2019). The three pillars of radicalization: Needs, narratives, and networks. Oxford University Press.
• Kruglanski, A. W., Chen, X., Dechesne, M., Fishman, S., & Orehek, E. (2009). Fully committed: Suicide bombers’ motivation and the quest for personal significance. Political Psychology, 30(3), 331–357. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2009.00698.x
• Kruglanski, A. W., Gelfand, M. J., Bélanger, J. J., Hetiarachchi, M., & Gunaratna, R. (2015). Significance Quest Theory as the driver of radicalization towards terrorism. In J. Jerard & S. M. Nasir (Eds.), Communities against Terrorism (pp. 17–30). Imperial College Press. https://doi.org/10.1142/9781783267743_0002
• Kruglanski, A. W., Gelfand, M. J., Bélanger, J. J., Sheveland, A., Hetiarachchi, M., & Gunaratna, R. (2014). The psychology of radicalization and deradicalization: How significance quest impacts violent extremism. Political Psychology, 35(S1), 69–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12163
• Lobato, R. M. (2019). En busca de los extremos: Tres modelos para comprender la radicalización. Revista de Estudios en Seguridad Internacional, 5(2), 113–132. https://doi.org/10.18847/1.10.7
• Lobato, R. M., Moya, M., Moyano, M., & Trujillo, H. M. (2018). From oppression to violence: The role of oppression, radicalism, identity, and cultural intelligence in violent disinhibition. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1505. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01505
• Lobato, R. M., Moya, M., & Trujillo, H. M. (2020). Minority‐ versus majority‐status group intentions to transgress the law when oppression is perceived. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 20(1), 397–416. https://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12207
• Lobato, R. M., Moyano, M., Bélanger, J. J., & Trujillo, H. M. (2021). The role of vulnerable environments in support for homegrown terrorism: Fieldwork using the 3N model. Aggressive Behavior, 47(1), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21933
• McCauley, C., & Moskalenko, S. (2008). Mechanisms of political radicalization: Pathways toward terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 20(3), 415–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546550802073367
• Moskalenko, S., & McCauley, C. (2009). Measuring political mobilization: The distinction between activism and radicalism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 21(2), 239–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546550902765508
• Mossos d’Esquadra (2018). Diligencias policiales número 680566/2017. Comissaria Superior de Coordinació Central. https://es.scribd.com/document/420373419/Informe-18-12-18#download&from_embed
• Moyano, M. (2019). Radicalización terrorista. Gestión del riesgo y modelos de intervención. Síntesis.
• Moyano, M., Lobato, R. M., Bélanger, J. J., & Trujillo, H. M. (2021). Preventing and countering violent radicalization: A guide for first-line practitioners. Editorial Universidad de Córdoba.
• Moyano, M., & Trujillo, H. M. (2013). Radicalización islamista y terrorismo. Claves psicosociales. Editorial Universidad de Granada.
• Roy, O. (2017). Jihad and death: The global appeal of Islamic State. Oxford University Pres.
• Saldaña, J. (2013). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage.
• Schmid, A. P. (2013). Radicalisation, de-radicalisation, counter-radicalisation: A conceptual discussion and literature review. International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague (ICCT). http://www.icct.nl/download/file/ICCT-Schmid-Radicalisation-De-Radicalisation-Counter-Radicalisation-March-2013.pdf
• Schumpe, B. M., Bélanger, J. J., Moyano, M., & Nisa, C. F. (2020). The role of sensation seeking in political violence: An extension of the significance quest theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 118(4), 743–761. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000223
• Schuurman, B. (2019). Topics in terrorism research: Reviewing trends and gaps, 2007-2016. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 12(3), 463–480. doi:10.1080/17539153.2019.1579777
• Schuurman, B. (2020). Research on terrorism, 2007–2016: A review of data, methods, and authorship. Terrorism and Political Violence, 32(5), 1011–1026. doi:10.1080/09546553.2018.1439023
• Stephens, W., Sieckelinck, S., & Boutellier, H. (2021). Preventing violent extremism: A review of the literature. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 44(4), 346–361. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2018.1543144
• Swann, W. B., Jetten, J., Gómez, Á., Whitehouse, H., & Bastian, B. (2012). When group membership gets personal: A theory of identity fusion. Psychological Review, 119(3), 441–456. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028589
• Troian, J., Baidada, O., Arciszewski, T., Apostolidis, T., Celebi, E., & Yurtbakan, T. (2019). Evidence for indirect loss of significance effects on violent extremism: The potential mediating role of anomia. Aggressive Behavior, 45(6), 691–703. doi:10.1002/ab.21863
• Trujillo, H. M., Alonso, F., Cuevas, J. M., & Moyano, M. (2018). Evidencias empíricas de manipulación y abuso psicológico en el proceso de adoctrinamiento y radicalización yihadista inducida. Revista de Estudios Sociales, 66(66), 42–54. doi:10.7440/res66.2018.05
• Trujillo, H. M., & Moyano, M. (2019a). A psychosocial evidence-based approach to radicalization and terrorism. In I. Marrero & H. M. Trujillo (Eds.), Jihadism, foreign fighters and radicalisation in the European Union: Legal, functional and psychosocial responses (pp. 9–27). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
• Trujillo, H. M., & Moyano, M. (2019b). Towards the study and prevention of the recruitment of Jihadists in Europe: A comprehensive proposal. In I. Marrero & H. M. Trujillo (Eds.), Jihadism, foreign fighters and radicalisation in the European Union: Legal, functional and psychosocial responses (pp. 211–230). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
• Ventura, Ó. P (2013). Takfir wal-Hijra, entre la doctrina radical y el terrorismo yihadista. Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos (IEEE). https://www.ieee.es/publicaciones-new/documentos-de-opinion/2013/DIEEEO03-2013.html
• Webber, D., Babush, M., Schori-Eyal, N., Vazeou-Nieuwenhuis, A., Hettiarachchi, M., Bélanger, J. J., Moyano, M., Trujillo, H. M., Gunaratna, R., Kruglanski, A. W., & Gelfand, M. J. (2018). The road to extremism: Field and experimental evidence that significance loss-induced need for closure fosters radicalization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(2), 270–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000111
• Webber, D., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2017). Psychological factors in radicalization: A “3N” approach. In G. LaFree & J. Freilic (Eds.), The handbook of the criminology of terrorism (pp. 33–46). Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118923986.ch2
• Wolfowicz, M., Litmanovitz, Y., Weisburd, D., & Hasisi, B. (2021). Cognitive and behavioral radicalization: A systematic review of the putative risk and protective factors. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 17(3), e1174. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1174