En busca de los extremostres modelos para comprender la radicalización

  1. Roberto M. Lobato 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Granada
    info

    Universidad de Granada

    Granada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04njjy449

Zeitschrift:
RESI: Revista de estudios en seguridad internacional

ISSN: 2444-6157

Datum der Publikation: 2019

Ausgabe: 5

Nummer: 2

Seiten: 107-125

Art: Artikel

DOI: 10.18847/1.10.7 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Andere Publikationen in: RESI: Revista de estudios en seguridad internacional

Zusammenfassung

La reciente proliferación de los casos de radicalización alrededor del mundo ha colocado esta temática en la agenda de las naciones. La radicalización, entendida como un proceso por el que se alcanza un compromiso cada vez mayor con una ideología política o religiosa extremista, constituye, a día de hoy, un desafío con el que debemos lidiar de cara a mejorar nuestras sociedades en materia de seguridad. Ahora bien, muchos de los procedimientos académicos usados para comprender mejor este fenómeno carecen de validez empírica que nos permita confiar en los conocimientos que aportan. Esta práctica ha llevado a que exista una gran cantidad de material relacionado con la radicalización, sobre todo después del 11-S, pero no a la consolidación y validación del conocimiento que poseemos. A causa de ello, en esta revisión nos proponemos hacer explícitos tres modelos teóricos que se centran en la radicalización violenta. Los tres modelos parten, mayoritariamente, de la psicología social y cuentan con bagaje empírico que sustenta su validez. Estos son: el modelo de las 3N (también conocido como la teoría de la búsqueda de significado), el modelo de los actores devotos y el enfoque de las dos pirámides. Estos tres modelos se centran, respectivamente, en las teorías de la motivación, en la identidad y los valores, y en la diferencia entre las cogniciones y las acciones. Asimismo, cada uno propone diferentes factores explicativos y desencadenantes, así como distintas variables dependientes que explican dichos factores desde comportamientos violentos hasta el sacrificio. En ellos encontramos diferencias y similitudes que validan y complementan algunos de los procesos que proponen. Por tanto, conocerlos y entenderlos va a aportarnos un conocimiento más profundo a la hora de comprender la radicalización, estudiarla y tomar decisiones de cara a su prevención y/o reducción.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet