Homo antecessor y su relación con los neandertales y las poblaciones humanas modernas

  1. Bermúdez de Castro, José María 1
  2. Martinón-Torres, María 2
  1. 1 University College London, España
  2. 2 Universidad de Burgos, España
Revista:
Isurus

ISSN: 1888-9441

Año de publicación: 2015

Número: 8

Páginas: 28-41

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Isurus

Resumen

Este trabajo examina las evidencias morfológicas del conjunto de fósiles humanos recuperados del nivel TD6-2 del yacimiento de la cueva de la Gran Dolina (sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos). Estos fósiles, incluidos en la especie Homo antecessor y con una cronología compatible con el MIS 21, presentan rasgos plesiomorfos del clado Homo, rasgos derivados compartidos con H. sapiens, rasgos derivados compartidos con H. neanderthalensis, rasgos derivados compartidos con estas dos últimas especies y rasgos derivados compartidos con poblaciones del Pleistoceno Medio de Eurasia. Este complejo mosaico, con un sello netamente europeo, podría ser explicado en el marco de un proceso de cladogénesis, ocurrido durante el Pleistoceno Inferior, posiblemente en el suroeste de Asia. La población polimórfica resultante de este proceso pudo originar diferentes pulsos migratorios al menos hacia Europa cuando las condiciones climáticas fueron favorables. Este proceso pudo ser muy complejo desde el punto de vista de las relaciones de la “población madre” con otros grupos humanos y tendría que contemplar al menos una migración hacia el continente africano a través del Corredor Levantino. Solo así se podría justificar el origen y evolución de H. sapiens en África durante el Pleistoceno Medio.

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