Consecuencias de la pandemia COVID-19 en la salud mental de los enfermeros de los servicios de emergencias extrahospitalarias españoles

  1. Raúl Soto-Cámara 1
  2. Susana Navalpotro-Pascual 2
  3. María Paz Matellán-Hernández 1
  4. Henar Onrubia-Baticón 1
  5. Noemí García-Santa-Basilia 1
  6. Rosa M. Cárdaba-García 3
  1. 1 Emergencias Sanitarias de Castilla y León - Sacyl, Valladolid, España
  2. 2 Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
  3. 3 Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, España
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Revue:
Enfermería clínica

ISSN: 1130-8621

Année de publication: 2024

Volumen: 34

Número: 4

Pages: 312-321

Type: Article

DOI: 10.1016/J.ENFCLI.2024.02.004 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccès ouvert editor

D'autres publications dans: Enfermería clínica

Résumé

Objetivo Analizar el impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 sobre la salud mental de las enfermeras de los servicios de emergencias extrahospitalarias españoles, identificando factores predictores de una mayor gravedad. Método Estudio descriptivo transversal multicéntrico, cuya población de estudio fueron todas las enfermeras que entre el 01/02/2021 y el 30/04/2021 se encontrasen trabajando en cualquier servicio de emergencias extrahospitalarias español. Las variables principales fueron el nivel de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, evaluado mediante la escala DASS-21, recogiéndose también información sociodemográfica, clínica y laboral. Se llevaron a cabo análisis univariantes y multivariantes de regresión logística para determinar posibles asociaciones entre las variables. Resultados La muestra estuvo formada por 474 enfermeras. El 32,91%, el 32,70% y el 26,33% de los participantes presentaron niveles graves o extremadamente graves de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, respectivamente. Los profesionales con menos competencias para manejar situaciones estresantes, los que habían utilizado psicofármacos y/o psicoterapia en alguna ocasión previa al inicio de la pandemia o aquellos a los que se les modificaron sus condiciones laborales presentaron más riesgo de desarrollar niveles más graves de depresión, ansiedad y/o estrés. Conclusión Las enfermeras de los servicios de emergencias extrahospitalarias españoles han presentado niveles medios de depresión, ansiedad y estrés durante la pandemia. Se han identificado factores clínicos y laborales que se asocian con un mayor grado de afectación psicológica. Es necesario la adopción de estrategias que fomenten la autoeficacia de los profesionales y mitiguen los factores desencadenantes de estados emocionales negativos.

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